“The copulatory apparatus of the male dragonfly is one of the most remarkable structures in the Animal Kingdom. The “papal organ” on the pedipalp of the male spider, and the hectoctylous arm of the Cephalopod Mollusc, extraordinary as they are, do not defy all explanation, since in each case they are modifications of an appendage already present. But the apparatus of the male dragonfly is not homologous [similar] with any known organ in the Animal Kingdom; it is not derived from any pre-existing organ: and its origin, therefore, is as complete a mystery as it well could be.”
R. J. Tillyard, The Biology of the Dragonfly, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 215